Reverse Engineering Microcontroller Embedded Firmware

Reverse Engineering Microcontroller Embedded Firmware normally needs to use focus ion beam to cut off/disable or modify the status of security fuse bit, as a result of that, the microcontroller will be able to read without any protection:

As for microcontroller reverse engineering, hardware security in microcontrollers is being constantly improved. Because the tools for microcontroller crack are becoming more sophisticated, better and better security protection is required. Rapid co-evolution is driven by this continuous battle between chip manufacturers and mcu attackers.

Another threat that must be considered is that a great deal of second-hand semiconductor manufacturing and testing equipment appears on the market. It cannot be used to reverse engineering high-end MCUs, but should be enough to compromise chips manufactured with older technology.

For example, while 90 nm manufacturing technology is currently leading-edge, most MCUs are produced with 0.35 µm technology and smartcards with 0.25 µm technology.